Hay Fever: Symptoms, Triggers and Relief from Seasonal Allergies

What is Hay Fever?

Hay Fever (also known as Allergic Rhinitis) can be extremely distressing, especially for children. It causes inflammation of the nasal airways and eyes whenever pollen or even dust is inhaled by those with a sensitive or weakened immune system.

Allergies to pollen from wheat, grass and trees can affect our sinuses and cause irritation. The body reacts to this ‘allergen’, setting off a series of responses – first the production of an antibody called immunoglobulin E, which binds to our white blood cells, causing a release of histamine. It is this release, along with other mediators of an allergic reaction, that causes various symptoms. In relation to hay fever, this could be itching or mucus formation. Some people can also experience rashes and hives. It is also interesting to note that those who have inhalant allergies, such as Hay fever or asthma, are more likely to suffer from food allergies and eczema.

What are the symptoms of hay fever?

Symptoms can include any of the following:

• Itchy eyes, nose, and throat
• Nasal discharge
• Sneezing
• Rashes/hives
• Fatigue

What conditions are related to hay fever?

There are several other conditions with similar symptoms to hay fever including sinusitis, allergic conjunctivitis, headaches and earache.

• Sinusitis is a common condition that causes inflammation of the sinus lining. Sinuses are small, air-filled cavities located behind your cheekbones and brow. When these become blocked with fluid and inflamed, you can start to suffer from the symptoms of blocked nose like a common cold or to develop more into acute or chronic sinusitis.
• Allergic Conjunctivitis is an eye inflammation caused by an allergic reaction to pollen or even mould spores. Symptoms include gritty, itchy, watery, and swollen eyes often accompanied by light sensitivity.
• Headaches due to sinuses and allergies can be quite hard to differentiate from a tension headache, but if you keep a diary, you may be able to identify the type of headache you have. Chronic rhinosinusitis can cause facial pain as well as headaches, especially in the front of the head. You can also experience migraines caused by allergic sinusitis. The swelling of the sinuses triggers the nerves in the brain to react to a change in pressure. This can also be accompanied by additional facial pain and even swelling of the nasal passages.
• Earache can be caused by bacterial or fungal infection but also could be due to an allergic reaction.

What is a naturopathic approach to hay fever?

The aim for naturopathic treatment is to strengthen the immune system. This always starts with great gut health. A gut full of good, healthy, and varied bacteria boosts the immune system. Bacteria producing Lactic acid produces also helps protect us from hay fever.

A naturopathic approach will also consider your environment. Pollen is clearly a big issue and you should track the pollen count in your area. Whilst the countryside has more wildlife/pollen that can kick start your symptoms, environmental pollutants of cities can also worsen allergies. Exhausts, toxic tar and even ozone can irritate your body, leaving your lungs, sinuses and air passages primed to react to the pollen, worsening your symptoms. This increases the risk for those who do not commonly suffer from allergies, as they become more vulnerable and more likely to suffer from the new wave of super allergies. Symptoms can be far worse in humid conditions as this causes pollens to spread.

Whilst it can be impossible to exclude all possible allergens, much can be done to limit exposure. Avoiding exposure in these conditions, keeping windows shut, air conditioning on when driving in a vehicle, and being aware of pollen landing on your body, clothes and hair. Pollen physically on you will need to be washed off to stop continual exposure. You may also want to avoid drying your clothes outside during high pollen days. You can also invest in HEPA filters in your home to help trap pollutants.

Nasal irrigation has been shown help. You can also use over the counter treatments such as HayMax where you coat the lining of the nasal passage with a balm, forming a barrier to stop the pollen attaching to the nasal passage.

Can hay fever cause a cough or a sore throat?

Yes, hay fever can cause both a cough and a sore throat. Here’s how:

1. Cough: A hay fever-related cough is typically caused by postnasal drip. When your body reacts to allergens like pollen, excess mucus is produced in the nasal passages. This mucus can drip down the back of your throat, causing irritation and triggering a cough. The cough is often worse at night or when lying down.

2. Sore Throat: The same postnasal drip that causes a cough can also lead to a sore throat. As the mucus drains down the throat, it can cause irritation and dryness, leading to soreness. Additionally, breathing through the mouth due to nasal congestion can further dry out the throat, worsening the discomfort.

These symptoms are often mild compared to the more common hay fever symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, and nasal congestion, but they can still be bothersome. Managing hay fever with natural remedies or medications may help alleviate both the cough and sore throat associated with the condition.

What is the right diet for hay fever?

There is no specific diet for hay fever, but a diet designed to create a healthy gut and immune system, will help. Although food can’t prevent suffering of hay fever or Rhinitis, making good food choices can help alleviate a lot of symptoms.

Avoid foods high in histamine such as dried fruits, dairy, fermented foods, processed meats, shellfish, aged cheese and more. Some foods trigger more of a histamine response and these include citrus fruits, some nuts, wheat germ, tomatoes and even chocolate. Alcohol is loaded with histamine, which is known to cause an inflammatory response and worsen the symptoms of seasonal allergies. Even drinking more than one glass of alcohol a day can cause problems for more perennial hay fever sufferers, with wine being a particular risk.

There is strong evidence to show that consuming local honey can help to limit the effects of hay fever as it exposes you to the same pollen, helping your body to naturally form a tolerance. If you like honey this is worth trying, but this must be your local honey which can normally be found in independent health stores as opposed to local supermarkets.

Garlic is an under-rated food which can help block the production of histamine and soothe hay fever symptoms. Try to incorporate garlic into your daily meals or opt for a good quality supplement.

What are the best natural remedies for hay fever?

In addition to the key supplements and herbs at the end of this article, the best natural remedies for hay fever (allergic rhinitis) aim to alleviate symptoms like sneezing, itchy eyes, and nasal congestion while avoiding the side effects of over-the-counter medications. Here are some of the most effective options:

What are key supplements and herbs to help with hay fever?

Quercetin

This flavonoid is a powerful antioxidant, but also has antihistamine and anti-inflammatory properties. It is especially good for nasal congestion, sinus issues, hay fever, asthma, and some allergies. It can also help to boost the immune system. Studies have also can also protect from heart disease and cancer. You should consult your medical practitioner before supplementing this, especially if you are taking heart medication or anticoagulants.

Biotin

This B vitamin helps to maintain the healthy function of mucous membranes which can be found in your nose, sinuses, throat and even the tear ducts.

Probiotics

Restoring gut health is key to a good immune system. We tend to see more dysbiosis of the gut (gut microbe imbalances) in babies who were born by caesarean section, babies who were not breastfed and those who had early exposure to antibiotics. Poor gut health can also flare after weaning.

Omega 3

This is found in oily fish and is anti-inflammatory. A study in Japan found that eating at least two portions of oily fish a week helped to reduce hay fever symptoms. Omega 3 has many health benefits ranging from heart health, joint health, brain health and more.

Vitamin D3

A vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the development of allergies and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin D also supports healthy gut bacteria and is a very underestimated vitamin which impacts our health in many ways. Vitamin D deficiency can affect our immune system, respiratory system (especially incidences of asthma) depression, heart disease, multiple sclerosis, diabetes and even cancer. Vitamin D helps lower our blood pressure and helps to keep us calm and less anxious. It has even been shown to help the body break down the stubborn fat cells.

Other supplements

You can also support the immune system with key support, such as selenium, Vitamin C, and beta glucan. Zinc also supports the immune system but has also been shown to help reduce inflammation and supports healing.

What natural hay fever remedies are good for pregnancy?

When it comes to managing hay fever during pregnancy, it's important to prioritize remedies that are safe for both the mother and baby. Here are some natural remedies that are commonly considered safe during pregnancy:

1. Saline Nasal Rinse: Using a saline nasal rinse or a neti pot can help clear out allergens from your nasal passages without the need for medication. This is one of the safest options for relieving nasal congestion during pregnancy.

2. Steam Inhalation: Inhaling steam from hot water can help soothe nasal congestion and irritation. You can add a few drops of eucalyptus oil (if approved by your healthcare provider) to the water for added relief.

3. Local Honey: Consuming small amounts of local honey is thought to help build resistance to local pollen. While scientific evidence is limited, honey is considered safe during pregnancy (in moderate amounts) and may provide some relief from hay fever symptoms.

4. Vitamin C: As a natural antihistamine, vitamin C can help reduce allergic reactions. Incorporating vitamin C-rich foods, such as oranges, kiwi, and strawberries, into your diet is a safe way to boost your immune system and potentially ease hay fever symptoms.

5. Quercetin-Rich Foods: Foods like apples, onions, and broccoli contain quercetin, a natural antihistamine. Eating more of these foods may help reduce allergy symptoms without the need for medication.

6. Probiotics: Strengthening your immune system with probiotics can help reduce allergic responses. Probiotics from yogurt, kefir, or supplements (after consulting your healthcare provider) may support your body’s ability to handle allergens more effectively.

It's important to avoid using essential oils or herbal supplements without first consulting your healthcare provider, as some may not be safe during pregnancy. Always check with your doctor or midwife before starting any new treatments, even natural ones, to ensure they are safe for both you and your baby.

All recommendations are intended for informational and educational purposes only. The information and recommendations provided are not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice from your GP.